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Thorax

Anthropometry

  • Parenteau, 20201: Characterization of Thoracic Spinal Development by Age and Sex with a Focus on Occupant Safety

Ribcage

  • Holcombe, 20202: Comparing {FE} human body model rib geometry to population data

  • Iraeus, 20203: Generic finite element models of human ribs, developed and validated for stiffness and strain prediction – To be used in rib fracture risk evaluation for the human population in vehicle crashes

  • Katzenberger, 2020 4: Effects of sex, age, and two loading rates on the tensile material properties of human rib cortical bone

There were no significant differences in material properties between sexes and no significant interactions between age and sex.

Spearman correlation analyses showed that all material properties had significant negative correlations with age at 0.005 strain/s except modulus. At 0.5 strain/s, all material properties except yield strain had significant negative correlations with age. Although the results revealed that the material properties of human rib cortical bone varied significantly with respect to chronological age, the R2 values only ranged from 0.15 to 0.62, indicating that there may be other underlying variables that better account for the variance within a given population.

  • Iraeus, 2019 5: Detailed subject-specific FE rib modeling for fracture prediction

  • Xu20196: Evaluation of Thoracic Injury Risk of Heavy Goods Vehicle Occupants during Steering Wheel Rim Impacts to Different Rib Levels

  • Ramachandra, 2019 7: GHBMC M50-O:Evaluation of Skeletal and Soft Tissue Contributions to Thoracic Response, Dynamic Frontal Loading Scenarios

    • Experimental data: 8

  • Harden, 2019 9: Human Rib Fracture Characteristics and Relationships with Structural Properties

Ribs (n=347) were impacted in a dynamic bending scenario representing a frontal thoracic impact. Fracture characteristics (location, classification, number, and severity) were analyzed utilizing a new classification system. Structural properties (peak and yield force, %peak and yield displacement, linear structural stiffness, total energy, plastic energy, and ductility/brittleness) were calculated from test data for each rib and their relationships with fracture characteristics were assessed. Three structural properties (%peak displacement, total energy, and plastic energy) were found to have significant differences with all fracture characteristics except fracture location. However, the significant differences were only found in specific comparisons within each fracture characteristic. Fracture location was only found to have a significant relationship with % peak displacement.

  • Harden, 201910: Rib Fractures: Validation of an Interdisciplinary Classification System

Diaphragm

  • Gaur, 2019 11: A bilinear structural constitutive model for strain rate-dependent behaviour of human diaphragm tissue

Internal organ injuries

Muscles

  • Griffioen, 202012: Effects of age and sex on trunk motor control

  1. Chantal Parenteau, Michelle Caird, Carla Kohoyda-Inglis, Sven Holcombe, and Stewart Wang. Characterization of thoracic spinal development by age and sex with a focus on occupant safety. In SAE Technical Paper Series. SAE International, apr 2020. doi:10.4271/2020-01-0520. ↩

  2. Sven A. Holcombe, Amanda M. Agnew, Brian Derstine, and Stewart C. Wang. Comparing FE human body model rib geometry to population data. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, may 2020. doi:10.1007/s10237-020-01335-2. ↩

  3. Johan Iraeus, Karin Brolin, and Bengt Pipkorn. Generic finite element models of human ribs, developed and validated for stiffness and strain prediction – to be used in rib fracture risk evaluation for the human population in vehicle crashes. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, pages 103742, mar 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103742. ↩

  4. Michael J. Katzenberger, Devon L. Albert, Amanda M. Agnew, and Andrew R. Kemper. Effects of sex, age, and two loading rates on the tensile material properties of human rib cortical bone. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 102:103410, feb 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103410. ↩

  5. Johan Iraeus, Linus Lundin, Simon Storm, Amanda Agnew, Yun-Seok Kang, Andrew Kemper, Devon Albert, Sven Holcombe, and Bengt Pipkorn. Detailed subject-specific FE rib modeling for fracture prediction. Traffic Injury Prevention, pages 1–8, oct 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.1665649, doi:10.1080/15389588.2019.1665649. ↩

  6. Jia Cheng Xu. Evaluation of thoracic injury risk of heavy goods vehicle occupants during steering wheel rim impacts to different rib levels. Master's thesis, KTH, Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, 2019. ↩

  7. R. Ramachandra, YS. Kang, J. Stammen, K. Moorhouse, M. Murach, and J. Bolte IV. Evaluation of skeletal and soft tissue contributions to thoracic response of ghbmc m50-o model in dynamic frontal loading scenarios. In IRCOBI. 2019. ↩

  8. Michelle M. Murach, Yun-Seok Kang, John H. Bolte, David Stark, Rakshit Ramachandra, Amanda M. Agnew, Kevin Moorhouse, and Jason Stammen. Quantification of skeletal and soft tissue contributions to thoracic response in a dynamic frontal loading scenario. In Stapp Car Crash Conference. SAE International, nov 2018. doi:10.4271/2018-22-0005. ↩

  9. Angela L. Harden, Yun-Seok Kang, Jason Stammen Kevin Moorhouse and, and Amanda M. Agnew. Human rib fracture characteristics and relationships with structural properties. In IRCOBI. 2019. ↩

  10. Angela Harden, Yun-Seok Kang, and Amanda Agnew. Rib fractures: validation of an interdisciplinary classification system. Forensic Anthropology, 23:158–167, nov 2019. doi:10.5744/fa.2019.1032. ↩

  11. Piyush Gaur, Khyati Verma, Anoop Chawla, Sudipto Mukherjee, Mohit Jain, Christian Mayer, Ravi Kiran Chitteti, Pronoy Ghosh, Rajesh Malhotra, and Sanjeev Lalvani. A bilinear structural constitutive model for strain rate-dependent behaviour of human diaphragm tissue. International Journal of Crashworthiness, pages 1–15, apr 2019. doi:10.1080/13588265.2019.1583423. ↩

  12. M. Griffioen and J.H. van Dieën. Effects of age and sex on trunk motor control. Journal of Biomechanics, 102:109607, mar 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109607. ↩